Spatial distribution of mechanical damage around a single pile in multilayer soil, showing four stages of damage: based on FBCM numerical simulation of a full-scale load test of the pile foundation. Each plot shows the pile and soil around the pile that has undergone mechanical damage. Non-damaged soil was excluded from the plot to facilitate visualization of the damage distribution. More information at https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13123836
Geological processes modeling (GPM) research Institute 